The following is the eighth hadith from the hadith book arba’in nawawi, which explains the declaration of war in the Islamic world for those who do not have the creed, perform sholat and pay zakat. Studying this hadith makes us understand the urgency of the syahadat, paying zakat, and establishing sholat in Islam.
عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللّهُ عَنْهُمَا اَنَّ رَسُوْلَ اللّهِ صَلَّى اللّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : اُمِرْتُ اَنْ اُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يشْهَدُوا اَنْ لَااِلَهَ اِلَّااللّهُ وَاَنَّ مُحَمّدًا رَسُوْلُ اللّهِ، وَيُقِيْمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ، فَاِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ عَصَمُوا مِنِّى دِمَاءَهُمْ وَاَمْوَالَهُمْ اِلَّا بِحَقِّ الإِسْلَامِ وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللّهِ تَعَالَى (رواه البخارى و مسلم)
Latin Inscription: ‘an ibni ‘umaro rodhiyallahu ‘anhuma anna rosuulallahi shollallahu ‘alaihi wasallama qola umirtu an uqotilannasa khatta yasyhaduu an lailaha illallahu wa anna muhammadan rosulullahi wa yuqiimush sholaata wa yu’tuz zakaata faidza fa’aluu dzalika ‘ashomuu minni dimaa ahum wa amwaalahum illa bi haqqil islami wakhisaabuhum ‘alallahi ta’alaa (rowahul bukhory wa muslim)
It means:
From Ibn Umar radhiallahuanhuma, the Prophet shollallaahu’alaihi wa sallama said: I was ordered to fight people until they testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establish prayers, pay zakat. If they do that, their blood and property will be protected except by Islamic rights, and their reckoning is with Allah ta’ala (Hadith narrated by Bukhori and Muslim)
Application of the eighth hadith from the book of hadith arba’in nawawi There was a time during the caliphate of Abu Bakar Ash Shiddiq when during the time of Caliph Abu Bakr, there were some Muslims who did not want to pay zakat, some of them even returned to disbelief, so Abu Bakar is determined to fight them, including those who refuse to pay zakat. So Umar bin Khottab reprimanded him, saying: “How are you going to fight those who say Laa Ilaaha Illallah while the Messenger of Allah has said: I was ordered…..(as the hadith above)”. So Abu Bakr said: “Surely zakat is the right of property,” until finally Umar accepted and joined with him to fight them.
Here are seven contents or content of the eighth hadith from the book arba’in nawawi::
- There is an announcement of war against those who deny the truth of Islam. Those infidels who endanger the land and property of the Muslims, such as those who do not pay zakat, have the right to be fought based on Islamic rights (teachings) as mentioned in the hadith.
- It is permissible to kill those who neglect their prayers and fight those who refuse to pay zakat.
- It is not permissible to apply arbitrarily to the property and blood of Muslims.
- The death penalty is permissible for every Muslim if he commits an act that requires that punishment, such as adultery for a married person (muhshon),
- It is obligatory to protect the property and lives of Muslims who are devout and obedient to Islamic law.
- As for the infidel dzimmiy, that is, an infidel who is in a Muslim country, as long as he fulfills his law and rights as a citizen, then his property and life must be protected like the property and lives of other Muslims.
- The war is stopped when the infidel has testified that there is no god but Allah, and the Prophet Muhammad, the messenger of Allah, is willing to pay zakat and establish sholat.
